#!/usr/local/bin/python3.12
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# (c) Copyright 2001-2018 HP Development Company, L.P.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
#
# Author: Don Welch, Naga Samrat Chowdary Narla, Goutam Kodu, Amarnath Chitumalla
#
# Thanks to Henrique M. Holschuh <hmh@debian.org> for various security patches
#



# Std Lib
import sys
import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import grp
import fnmatch
import tempfile
import socket
import struct
import select
import time
import fcntl
import errno
import stat
import string
import glob
import re
import datetime
from .g import *
import locale
from .sixext.moves import html_entities, urllib2_request, urllib2_parse, urllib2_error
from .sixext import PY3, to_unicode, to_bytes_utf8, to_string_utf8, BytesIO, StringIO, subprocess
from . import os_utils
import importlib
try:
    import xml.parsers.expat as expat
    xml_expat_avail = True
except ImportError:
    xml_expat_avail = False

try:
    import platform
    platform_avail = True
except ImportError:
    platform_avail = False

try:
    import dbus
    from dbus import SystemBus, lowlevel, SessionBus
    dbus_avail=True
except ImportError:
    dbus_avail=False

import hashlib

def get_checksum(s):
    return hashlib.sha256(s).hexdigest()




# Local
from .g import *
from .codes import *
from . import pexpect


BIG_ENDIAN = 0
LITTLE_ENDIAN = 1

RMDIR="rm -rf"
RM="rm -f"

DBUS_SERVICE='com.hplip.StatusService'

HPLIP_WEB_SITE ="https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing/index.html"
HTTP_CHECK_TARGET = "http://www.hp.com"
PING_CHECK_TARGET = "www.hp.com"

ERROR_NONE = 0
ERROR_FILE_CHECKSUM = 1
ERROR_UNABLE_TO_RECV_KEYS =2 
ERROR_DIGITAL_SIGN_BAD =3

MAJ_VER = sys.version_info[0]
MIN_VER = sys.version_info[1]

EXPECT_WORD_LIST = [
    pexpect.EOF, # 0
    pexpect.TIMEOUT, # 1
    u"Continue?", # 2 (for zypper)
    u"passwor[dt]:", # en/de/it/ru
    u"kennwort", # de?
    u"password for", # en
    u"mot de passe", # fr
    u"contraseña", # es
    u"palavra passe", # pt
    u"口令", # zh
    u"wachtwoord", # nl
    u"heslo", # czech
    u"密码",
    u"Lösenord", #sv
]

# Define the dictionary to map various distro names to standard names
distro_name_dict = {
    "unknown": "unknown",
    "mepis": "mepis",
    "debian": "debian",
    "suse": "suse",
    "opensuse": "suse",
    "mandriva": "mandriva",
    "fedora": "fedora",
    "redhat": "rhel",
    "rhel": "rhel",
    "redhatenterprise" : "rhel",
    "red hat enterprise linux": "rhel",
    "slackware": "slackware",
    "gentoo": "gentoo",
    "redflag": "redflag",
    "ubuntu": "ubuntu",
    "xandros": "xandros",
    "freebsd": "freebsd",
    "linspire": "linspire",
    "ark": "ark",
    "pclinuxos": "pclinuxos",
    "centos": "centos",
    "igos": "igos",
    "linuxmint": "linuxmint",
    "mint": "linuxmint",
    "linpus": "linpus",
    "gos": "gos",
    "boss": "boss",
    "lfs": "lfs",
    "manjarolinux": "manjarolinux",
    "manjaro": "manjarolinux",
    "zorin": "zorin",
    "mxlinux": "mxlinux",
    "mx": "mxlinux",
    "elementary": "elementary",
    "elementaryos": "elementary"
}

EXPECT_LIST = []
for s in EXPECT_WORD_LIST:
    try:
        p = re.compile(s, re.I)
    except TypeError:
        EXPECT_LIST.append(s)
    else:
        EXPECT_LIST.append(p)


def get_cups_systemgroup_list():
    lis = []
    try:
        fp=open('/etc/cups/cupsd.conf')
    except IOError:
        try:
            if "root" != grp.getgrgid(os.stat('/etc/cups/cupsd.conf').st_gid).gr_name:
                return [grp.getgrgid(os.stat('/etc/cups/cupsd.conf').st_gid).gr_name]
        except OSError:
            return lis

    try:
        lis = ((re.findall(r'SystemGroup [\w* ]*',fp.read()))[0].replace('SystemGroup ','')).split(' ')
    except IndexError:
        return lis

    if 'root' in lis:
        lis.remove('root')
    fp.close()
    return lis

def lock(f):
    log.debug("Locking: %s" % f.name)
    try:
        fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
        return True
    except (IOError, OSError):
        log.debug("Failed to unlock %s." % f.name)
        return False


def unlock(f):
    if f is not None:
        log.debug("Unlocking: %s" % f.name)
        try:
            fcntl.flock(f.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_UN)
            os.remove(f.name)
        except (IOError, OSError):
            pass


def lock_app(application, suppress_error=False):
    dir = prop.user_dir
    if os.geteuid() == 0:
        dir = '/var'

    elif not os.path.exists(dir):
        os.makedirs(dir)

    lock_file = os.path.join(dir, '.'.join([application, 'lock']))
    try:
        lock_file_f = open(lock_file, "w")
    except IOError:
        if not suppress_error:
            log.error("Unable to open %s lock file." % lock_file)
        return False, None

    #log.debug("Locking file: %s" % lock_file)

    if not lock(lock_file_f):
        if not suppress_error:
            log.error("Unable to lock %s. Is %s already running?" % (lock_file, application))
        return False, None

    return True, lock_file_f


#xml_basename_pat = re.compile(r"""HPLIP-(\d*)_(\d*)_(\d*).xml""", re.IGNORECASE)


def Translator(frm=to_bytes_utf8(''), to=to_bytes_utf8(''), delete=to_bytes_utf8(''), keep=None):  #Need Revisit
    if len(to) == 1:
        to = to * len(frm)

    if PY3:
        data_types = bytes
    else:
        data_types = string
    
    allchars = data_types.maketrans(to_bytes_utf8(''), to_bytes_utf8(''))
    trans = data_types.maketrans(frm, to)

    if keep is not None:
        delete = allchars.translate(allchars, keep.translate(allchars, delete))

    def callable(s):
        return s.translate(trans, delete)

    return callable


def list_to_string(lis):
    if len(lis) == 0:
        return ""
    if len(lis) == 1:
        return str("\""+lis[0]+"\"")
    if len(lis) >= 1:
        return "\""+"\", \"".join(lis)+"\" and \""+str(lis.pop())+"\""

def to_bool_str(s, default='0'):
    """ Convert an arbitrary 0/1/T/F/Y/N string to a normalized string 0/1."""
    if isinstance(s, str) and s:
        if s[0].lower() in ['1', 't', 'y']:
            return to_unicode('1')
        elif s[0].lower() in ['0', 'f', 'n']:
            return to_unicode('0')

    return default

def to_bool(s, default=False):
    """ Convert an arbitrary 0/1/T/F/Y/N string to a boolean True/False value."""
    if isinstance(s, str) and s:
        if s[0].lower() in ['1', 't', 'y']:
            return True
        elif s[0].lower() in ['0', 'f', 'n']:
            return False
    elif isinstance(s, bool):
        return s

    return default


# Compare with os.walk()
def walkFiles(root, recurse=True, abs_paths=False, return_folders=False, pattern='*', path=None):
    if path is None:
        path = root

    try:
        names = os.listdir(root)
    except os.error:
       #raise StopIteration
        return

    pattern = pattern or '*'
    pat_list = pattern.split(';')

    for name in names:
        fullname = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(root, name))

        for pat in pat_list:
            if fnmatch.fnmatch(name, pat):
                if return_folders or not os.path.isdir(fullname):
                    if abs_paths:
                        yield fullname
                    else:
                        try:
                            yield os.path.basename(fullname)
                        except ValueError:
                            yield fullname

        #if os.path.islink(fullname):
        #    fullname = os.path.realpath(os.readlink(fullname))

        if recurse and os.path.isdir(fullname): # or os.path.islink(fullname):
            for f in walkFiles(fullname, recurse, abs_paths, return_folders, pattern, path):
                yield f


def is_path_writable(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):
        s = os.stat(path)
        mode = s[stat.ST_MODE] & 0o777

        if mode & 0o2:
            return True
        elif s[stat.ST_GID] == os.getgid() and mode & 0o20:
            return True
        elif s[stat.ST_UID] == os.getuid() and mode & 0o200:
            return True

    return False


# Provides the TextFormatter class for formatting text into columns.
# Original Author: Hamish B Lawson, 1999
# Modified by: Don Welch, 2003
class TextFormatter:

    LEFT  = 0
    CENTER = 1
    RIGHT  = 2

    def __init__(self, colspeclist):
        self.columns = []
        for colspec in colspeclist:
            self.columns.append(Column(**colspec))

    def compose(self, textlist, add_newline=False):
        numlines = 0
        textlist = list(textlist)
        if len(textlist) != len(self.columns):
            log.error("Formatter: Number of text items does not match columns")
            return
        for text, column in list(map(lambda *x: x, textlist, self.columns)):
            column.wrap(text)
            numlines = max(numlines, len(column.lines))
        complines = [''] * numlines
        for ln in range(numlines):
            for column in self.columns:
                complines[ln] = complines[ln] + column.getline(ln)
        if add_newline:
            return '\n'.join(complines) + '\n'
        else:
            return '\n'.join(complines)

class Column:

    def __init__(self, width=78, alignment=TextFormatter.LEFT, margin=0):
        self.width = int(width)
        self.alignment = alignment
        self.margin = margin
        self.lines = []

    def align(self, line):
        if self.alignment == TextFormatter.CENTER:
            return line.center(self.width)
        elif self.alignment == TextFormatter.RIGHT:
            return line.rjust(self.width)
        else:
            return line.ljust(self.width)

    def wrap(self, text):
        self.lines = []
        words = []
        for word in text.split():
            if word <= str(self.width):
                words.append(word)
            else:
                for i in range(0, len(word), self.width):
                    words.append(word[i:i+self.width])
        if not len(words): return
        current = words.pop(0)
        for word in words:
            increment = 1 + len(word)
            if len(current) + increment > self.width:
                self.lines.append(self.align(current))
                current = word
            else:
                current = current + ' ' + word
        self.lines.append(self.align(current))

    def getline(self, index):
        if index < len(self.lines):
            return ' '*self.margin + self.lines[index]
        else:
            return ' ' * (self.margin + self.width)



class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []

    def pop(self):
        return self.stack.pop()

    def push(self, value):
        self.stack.append(value)

    def as_list(self):
        return self.stack

    def clear(self):
        self.stack = []

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.stack)



class Queue(Stack):
    def __init__(self):
        Stack.__init__(self)

    def get(self):
        return self.stack.pop(0)

    def put(self, value):
        Stack.push(self, value)



# RingBuffer class
# Source: Python Cookbook 1st Ed., sec. 5.18, pg. 201
# Credit: Sebastien Keim
# License: Modified BSD
class RingBuffer:
    def __init__(self, size_max=50):
        self.max = size_max
        self.data = []

    def append(self,x):
        """append an element at the end of the buffer"""
        self.data.append(x)

        if len(self.data) == self.max:
            self.cur = 0
            self.__class__ = RingBufferFull

    def replace(self, x):
        """replace the last element instead off appending"""
        self.data[-1] = x

    def get(self):
        """ return a list of elements from the oldest to the newest"""
        return self.data


class RingBufferFull:
    def __init__(self, n):
        #raise "you should use RingBuffer"
        pass

    def append(self, x):
        self.data[self.cur] = x
        self.cur = (self.cur+1) % self.max

    def replace(self, x):
        # back up 1 position to previous location
        self.cur = (self.cur-1) % self.max
        self.data[self.cur] = x
        # setup for next item
        self.cur = (self.cur+1) % self.max

    def get(self):
        return self.data[self.cur:] + self.data[:self.cur]



def sort_dict_by_value(d):
    """ Returns the keys of dictionary d sorted by their values """
    items=list(d.items())
    backitems=[[v[1],v[0]] for v in items]
    backitems.sort()
    return [backitems[i][1] for i in range(0, len(backitems))]


def commafy(val):
    return locale.format("%s", val, grouping=True)


def format_bytes(s, show_bytes=False):
    if s < 1024:
        return ''.join([commafy(s), ' B'])
    elif 1024 < s < 1048576:
        if show_bytes:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1024.0, 1)) , to_unicode(' KB ('),  commafy(s), ')'])
        else:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1024.0, 1)) , to_unicode(' KB')])
    elif 1048576 < s < 1073741824:
        if show_bytes:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1048576.0, 1)), to_unicode(' MB ('),  commafy(s), ')'])
        else:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1048576.0, 1)), to_unicode(' MB')])
    else:
        if show_bytes:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1073741824.0, 1)), to_unicode(' GB ('),  commafy(s), ')'])
        else:
            return ''.join([to_unicode(round(s/1073741824.0, 1)), to_unicode(' GB')])



try:
    make_temp_file = tempfile.mkstemp # 2.3+
except AttributeError:
    def make_temp_file(suffix='', prefix='', dir='', text=False): # pre-2.3
        path = tempfile.mktemp(suffix)
        fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREAT|os.O_EXCL, 0o700)
        return ( os.fdopen( fd, 'w+b' ), path )



def which(command, return_full_path=False):
    path=[]
    path_val = os.getenv('PATH')
    if path_val:
        path = path_val.split(':')

    path.append('/usr/bin')
    path.append('/usr/local/bin')
    # Add these paths for Fedora
    path.append('/sbin')
    path.append('/usr/sbin')
    path.append('/usr/local/sbin')

    found_path = ''
    for p in path:
        try:
            files = os.listdir(p)
        except OSError:
            continue
        else:
            if command in files:
                found_path = p
                break

    if return_full_path:
        if found_path:
            return os.path.join(found_path, command)
        else:
            return ''
    else:
        return found_path


class UserSettings(object): # Note: Deprecated after 2.8.8 in Qt4 (see ui4/ui_utils.py)
    def __init__(self):
        self.load()

    def loadDefaults(self):
        # Print
        self.cmd_print = ''
        path = which('hp-print')

        if len(path) > 0:
            self.cmd_print = 'hp-print -p%PRINTER%'
        else:
            path = which('kprinter')
            if len(path) > 0:
                self.cmd_print = 'kprinter -P%PRINTER% --system cups'
            else:
                path = which('gtklp')
                if len(path) > 0:
                    self.cmd_print = 'gtklp -P%PRINTER%'
                else:
                    path = which('xpp')
                    if len(path) > 0:
                        self.cmd_print = 'xpp -P%PRINTER%'

        # Scan
        self.cmd_scan = ''
        path = which('xsane')

        if len(path) > 0:
            self.cmd_scan = 'xsane -V %SANE_URI%'
        else:
            path = which('kooka')
            if len(path) > 0:
                self.cmd_scan = 'kooka'
            else:
                path = which('xscanimage')
                if len(path) > 0:
                    self.cmd_scan = 'xscanimage'

        # Photo Card
        path = which('hp-unload')

        if len(path):
            self.cmd_pcard = 'hp-unload -d %DEVICE_URI%'
        else:
            self.cmd_pcard = '/usr/local/bin/python3.12 %HOME%/unload.py -d %DEVICE_URI%'

        # Copy
        path = which('hp-makecopies')

        if len(path):
            self.cmd_copy = 'hp-makecopies -d %DEVICE_URI%'
        else:
            self.cmd_copy = '/usr/local/bin/python3.12 %HOME%/makecopies.py -d %DEVICE_URI%'

        # Fax
        path = which('hp-sendfax')

        if len(path):
            self.cmd_fax = 'hp-sendfax -d %FAX_URI%'
        else:
            self.cmd_fax = '/usr/local/bin/python3.12 %HOME%/sendfax.py -d %FAX_URI%'

        # Fax Address Book
        path = which('hp-fab')

        if len(path):
            self.cmd_fab = 'hp-fab'
        else:
            self.cmd_fab = '/usr/local/bin/python3.12 %HOME%/fab.py'

    def load(self):
        self.loadDefaults()
        log.debug("Loading user settings...")
        self.auto_refresh = to_bool(user_conf.get('refresh', 'enable', '0'))

        try:
            self.auto_refresh_rate = int(user_conf.get('refresh', 'rate', '30'))
        except ValueError:
            self.auto_refresh_rate = 30 # (secs)

        try:
            self.auto_refresh_type = int(user_conf.get('refresh', 'type', '0'))
        except ValueError:
            self.auto_refresh_type = 0 # refresh 1 (1=refresh all)

        self.cmd_print = user_conf.get('commands', 'prnt', self.cmd_print)
        self.cmd_scan = user_conf.get('commands', 'scan', self.cmd_scan)
        self.cmd_pcard = user_conf.get('commands', 'pcard', self.cmd_pcard)
        self.cmd_copy = user_conf.get('commands', 'cpy', self.cmd_copy)
        self.cmd_fax = user_conf.get('commands', 'fax', self.cmd_fax)
        self.cmd_fab = user_conf.get('commands', 'fab', self.cmd_fab)

        self.upgrade_notify= to_bool(user_conf.get('upgrade', 'notify_upgrade', '0'))
        self.upgrade_last_update_time = int(user_conf.get('upgrade','last_upgraded_time', '0'))
        self.upgrade_pending_update_time =int(user_conf.get('upgrade', 'pending_upgrade_time', '0'))
        self.latest_available_version=str(user_conf.get('upgrade', 'latest_available_version',''))
        self.debug()

    def debug(self):
        log.debug("Print command: %s" % self.cmd_print)
        log.debug("PCard command: %s" % self.cmd_pcard)
        log.debug("Fax command: %s" % self.cmd_fax)
        log.debug("FAB command: %s" % self.cmd_fab)
        log.debug("Copy command: %s " % self.cmd_copy)
        log.debug("Scan command: %s" % self.cmd_scan)
        log.debug("Auto refresh: %s" % self.auto_refresh)
        log.debug("Auto refresh rate: %s" % self.auto_refresh_rate)
        log.debug("Auto refresh type: %s" % self.auto_refresh_type)
        log.debug("Upgrade notification:%d"  %self.upgrade_notify)
        log.debug("Last Installed time:%d" %self.upgrade_last_update_time)
        log.debug("Next scheduled installation time:%d" % self.upgrade_pending_update_time)


    def save(self):
        log.debug("Saving user settings...")
        user_conf.set('commands', 'prnt', self.cmd_print)
        user_conf.set('commands', 'pcard', self.cmd_pcard)
        user_conf.set('commands', 'fax', self.cmd_fax)
        user_conf.set('commands', 'scan', self.cmd_scan)
        user_conf.set('commands', 'cpy', self.cmd_copy)
        user_conf.set('refresh', 'enable',self.auto_refresh)
        user_conf.set('refresh', 'rate', self.auto_refresh_rate)
        user_conf.set('refresh', 'type', self.auto_refresh_type)
        user_conf.set('upgrade', 'notify_upgrade', self.upgrade_notify)
        user_conf.set('upgrade','last_upgraded_time', self.upgrade_last_update_time)
        user_conf.set('upgrade', 'pending_upgrade_time', self.upgrade_pending_update_time)
        user_conf.set('upgrade', 'latest_available_version', self.latest_available_version)

        self.debug()



def no_qt_message_gtk():
    try:
        import gtk
        w = gtk.Window()
        dialog = gtk.MessageDialog(w, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL | gtk.DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
                                   gtk.MESSAGE_WARNING, gtk.BUTTONS_OK,
                                   "PyQt not installed. GUI not available. Please check that the PyQt package is installed. Exiting.")
        dialog.run()
        dialog.destroy()

    except ImportError:
        log.error("PyQt not installed. GUI not available. Please check that the PyQt package is installed. Exiting.")


def canEnterGUIMode(): # qt3
    if not prop.gui_build:
        log.warn("GUI mode disabled in build.")
        return False

    elif not os.getenv('DISPLAY'):
        log.warn("No display found.")
        return False

    elif not checkPyQtImport():
        log.warn("Qt/PyQt 3 initialization failed.")
        return False

    return True


def canEnterGUIMode4(): # qt4
    if not prop.gui_build:
        log.warn("GUI mode disabled in build.")
        return False

    elif not os.getenv('DISPLAY'):
        log.warn("No display found.")
        return False

    # elif not checkPyQtImport4():
    #     log.warn("Qt4/PyQt 4 initialization failed.")
    #     return False
    else:
        try:
            checkPyQtImport45()
        except ImportError as e:
            log.warn(e)
            return False

    return True


def checkPyQtImport(): # qt3
    # PyQt
    try:
        import qt
        import ui
    except ImportError:
        if os.getenv('DISPLAY') and os.getenv('STARTED_FROM_MENU'):
            no_qt_message_gtk()

        log.error("PyQt not installed. GUI not available. Exiting.")
        return False

    # check version of Qt
    qtMajor = int(qt.qVersion().split('.')[0])

    if qtMajor < MINIMUM_QT_MAJOR_VER:

        log.error("Incorrect version of Qt installed. Ver. 3.0.0 or greater required.")
        return False

    #check version of PyQt
    try:
        pyqtVersion = qt.PYQT_VERSION_STR
    except AttributeError:
        pyqtVersion = qt.PYQT_VERSION

    while pyqtVersion.count('.') < 2:
        pyqtVersion += '.0'

    (maj_ver, min_ver, pat_ver) = pyqtVersion.split('.')

    if pyqtVersion.find('snapshot') >= 0:
        log.warning("A non-stable snapshot version of PyQt is installed.")
    else:
        try:
            maj_ver = int(maj_ver)
            min_ver = int(min_ver)
            pat_ver = int(pat_ver)
        except ValueError:
            maj_ver, min_ver, pat_ver = 0, 0, 0

        if maj_ver < MINIMUM_PYQT_MAJOR_VER or \
            (maj_ver == MINIMUM_PYQT_MAJOR_VER and min_ver < MINIMUM_PYQT_MINOR_VER):
            log.error("This program may not function properly with the version of PyQt that is installed (%d.%d.%d)." % (maj_ver, min_ver, pat_ver))
            log.error("Incorrect version of pyQt installed. Ver. %d.%d or greater required." % (MINIMUM_PYQT_MAJOR_VER, MINIMUM_PYQT_MINOR_VER))
            log.error("This program will continue, but you may experience errors, crashes or other problems.")
            return True

    return True


def checkPyQtImport4():
    try:
        import PyQt4
        import ui4
    except ImportError:
        import PyQt5
        import ui5
    else:
        log.debug("HPLIP is not installed properly or is installed without graphical support. Please reinstall HPLIP again")
        return False
    return True

# def checkPyQtImport5():
#     try:
#         import PyQt5
#         import ui5
#     except ImportError:
#         log.error("HPLIP is not installed properly or is installed without graphical support PyQt5. Please reinstall HPLIP")
#         return False
#     else:
#         return True


try:
    from string import Template # will fail in Python <= 2.3
except ImportError:
    # Code from Python 2.4 string.py
    #import re as _re

    class _multimap:
        """Helper class for combining multiple mappings.

        Used by .{safe_,}substitute() to combine the mapping and keyword
        arguments.
        """
        def __init__(self, primary, secondary):
            self._primary = primary
            self._secondary = secondary

        def __getitem__(self, key):
            try:
                return self._primary[key]
            except KeyError:
                return self._secondary[key]


    class _TemplateMetaclass(type):
        pattern = r"""
        %(delim)s(?:
          (?P<escaped>%(delim)s) |   # Escape sequence of two delimiters
          (?P<named>%(id)s)      |   # delimiter and a Python identifier
          {(?P<braced>%(id)s)}   |   # delimiter and a braced identifier
          (?P<invalid>)              # Other ill-formed delimiter exprs
        )
        """

        def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
            super(_TemplateMetaclass, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
            if 'pattern' in dct:
                pattern = cls.pattern
            else:
                pattern = _TemplateMetaclass.pattern % {
                    'delim' : re.escape(cls.delimiter),
                    'id'    : cls.idpattern,
                    }
            cls.pattern = re.compile(pattern, re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)

    # if PY3:
    #     class Template(metaclass=_TemplateMetaclass):
    #         """A string class for supporting $-substitutions."""
    # else:
    class Template:
        """A string class for supporting $-substitutions."""
        __metaclass__ = _TemplateMetaclass

        delimiter = '$'
        idpattern = r'[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*'

        def __init__(self, template):
            self.template = template

        # Search for $$, $identifier, ${identifier}, and any bare $'s
        def _invalid(self, mo):
            i = mo.start('invalid')
            lines = self.template[:i].splitlines(True)
            if not lines:
                colno = 1
                lineno = 1
            else:
                colno = i - len(''.join(lines[:-1]))
                lineno = len(lines)
            raise ValueError('Invalid placeholder in string: line %d, col %d' %
                             (lineno, colno))

        def substitute(self, *args, **kws):
            if len(args) > 1:
                raise TypeError('Too many positional arguments')
            if not args:
                mapping = kws
            elif kws:
                mapping = _multimap(kws, args[0])
            else:
                mapping = args[0]
            # Helper function for .sub()
            def convert(mo):
                # Check the most common path first.
                named = mo.group('named') or mo.group('braced')
                if named is not None:
                    val = mapping[named]
                    # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter will
                    # fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII characters.
                    return '%s' % val
                if mo.group('escaped') is not None:
                    return self.delimiter
                if mo.group('invalid') is not None:
                    self._invalid(mo)
                raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
                                 self.pattern)
            return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)


        def safe_substitute(self, *args, **kws):
            if len(args) > 1:
                raise TypeError('Too many positional arguments')
            if not args:
                mapping = kws
            elif kws:
                mapping = _multimap(kws, args[0])
            else:
                mapping = args[0]
            # Helper function for .sub()
            def convert(mo):
                named = mo.group('named')
                if named is not None:
                    try:
                        # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter
                        # will fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII
                        return '%s' % mapping[named]
                    except KeyError:
                        return self.delimiter + named
                braced = mo.group('braced')
                if braced is not None:
                    try:
                        return '%s' % mapping[braced]
                    except KeyError:
                        return self.delimiter + '{' + braced + '}'
                if mo.group('escaped') is not None:
                    return self.delimiter
                if mo.group('invalid') is not None:
                    return self.delimiter
                raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
                                 self.pattern)
            return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)



#cat = lambda _ : Template(_).substitute(sys._getframe(1).f_globals, **sys._getframe(1).f_locals)

def cat(s):
    globals = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.copy()
    if 'self' in globals:
        del globals['self']

    locals = sys._getframe(1).f_locals.copy()
    if 'self' in locals:
        del locals['self']

    return Template(s).substitute(sys._getframe(1).f_globals, **locals)

if PY3:
    identity = bytes.maketrans(b'', b'')
    unprintable = identity.translate(identity, string.printable.encode('utf-8'))
else:
    identity = string.maketrans('','')
    unprintable = identity.translate(identity, string.printable)


def printable(s):
    return s.translate(identity, unprintable)


def any(S,f=lambda x:x):
    for x in S:
        if f(x): return True
    return False


def all(S,f=lambda x:x):
    for x in S:
        if not f(x): return False
    return True

BROWSERS = ['xdg-open']
BROWSER_OPTS = {'xdg-open' : ''}

def find_browser():
    if platform_avail and platform.system() == 'Darwin':
        return "open"
    elif which("xdg-open"):
        return "xdg-open"
    else:
        for b in BROWSERS:
            if which(b):
                return b
        else:
            return None


def openURL(url, use_browser_opts=True):
    if platform_avail and platform.system() == 'Darwin':
        cmd = 'open "%s"' % url
        os_utils.execute(cmd)
    elif which("xdg-open"):
        cmd = 'xdg-open "%s"' % url
        os_utils.execute(cmd)
    else:
        for b in BROWSERS:
            bb = which(b, return_full_path='True')
            if bb:
                if use_browser_opts:
                    cmd = """%s %s "%s" &""" % (bb, BROWSER_OPTS[b], url)
                else:
                    cmd = """%s "%s" &""" % (bb, url)
                os_utils.execute(cmd)
                break
        else:
            log.warn("Unable to open URL: %s" % url)


def uniqueList(input):
    temp = []
    [temp.append(i) for i in input if not temp.count(i)]
    return temp


def list_move_up(l, m, cmp=None):
    if cmp is None:
        f = lambda x: l[x] == m
    else:
        f = lambda x: cmp(l[x], m)

    for i in range(1, len(l)):
        if f(i):
            l[i-1], l[i] = l[i], l[i-1]


def list_move_down(l, m, cmp=None):
    if cmp is None:
        f = lambda x: l[x] == m
    else:
        f = lambda x: cmp(l[x], m)

    for i in range(len(l)-2, -1, -1):
        if f(i):
            l[i], l[i+1] = l[i+1], l[i]



class XMLToDictParser:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []
        self.data = {}
        self.last_start = ''

    def startElement(self, name, attrs):
        #print "START:", name, attrs
        self.stack.append(to_unicode(name).lower())
        self.last_start = to_unicode(name).lower()

        if len(attrs):
            for a in attrs:
                self.stack.append(to_unicode(a).lower())
                self.addData(attrs[a])
                self.stack.pop()

    def endElement(self, name):
        if name.lower() == self.last_start:
            self.addData('')

        #print "END:", name
        self.stack.pop()

    def charData(self, data):
        data = to_unicode(data).strip()

        if data and self.stack:
            self.addData(data)

    def addData(self, data):
        #print("DATA:%s" % data)
        self.last_start = ''
        try:
            data = int(data)
        except ValueError:
            data = to_unicode(data)

        stack_str = '-'.join(self.stack)
        stack_str_0 = '-'.join([stack_str, '0'])

        try:
            self.data[stack_str]
        except KeyError:
            try:
                self.data[stack_str_0]
            except KeyError:
                self.data[stack_str] = data
            else:
                j = 2
                while True:
                    try:
                        self.data['-'.join([stack_str, to_unicode(j)])]
                    except KeyError:
                        self.data['-'.join([stack_str, to_unicode(j)])] = data
                        break
                    j += 1

        else:
            self.data[stack_str_0] = self.data[stack_str]
            self.data['-'.join([stack_str, '1'])] = data
            del self.data[stack_str]


    def parseXML(self, text):
        if xml_expat_avail:
            parser = expat.ParserCreate()

            parser.StartElementHandler = self.startElement
            parser.EndElementHandler = self.endElement
            parser.CharacterDataHandler = self.charData

            parser.Parse(text, True)

        else:
            log.error("Failed to import expat module , check python-xml/python3-xml package installation.")

        return self.data


class Element:
    def __init__(self,name,attributes):
        self.name = name
        self.attributes = attributes
        self.chardata = ''
        self.children = []

    def AddChild(self,element):
        self.children.append(element)

    def getAttribute(self,key):
        return self.attributes.get(key)

    def getData(self):
        return self.chardata

    def getElementsByTagName(self,name='',ElementNode=None):
        if ElementNode:
            Children_list = ElementNode.children
        else:
            Children_list = self.children
        if not name:
            return self.children
        else:
            elements = []
            for element in Children_list:
                if element.name == name:
                    elements.append(element)

                rec_elements = self.getElementsByTagName (name,element)
                for a in rec_elements:
                    elements.append(a)
            return elements

    def getChildElements(self,name=''):
        if not name:
            return self.children
        else:
            elements = []
            for element in self.children:
                if element.name == name:
                    elements.append(element)
            return elements

    def toString(self, level=0):
        retval = " " * level
        retval += "<%s" % self.name
        for attribute in self.attributes:
            retval += " %s=\"%s\"" % (attribute, self.attributes[attribute])
        c = ""
        for child in self.children:
            c += child.toString(level+1)
        if c == "":
            if self.chardata:
                retval += ">"+self.chardata + ("</%s>" % self.name)
            else:
                retval += "/>"
        else:
            retval += ">" + c + ("</%s>" % self.name)
        return retval

class  extendedExpat:
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = None
        self.nodeStack = []

    def StartElement_EE(self,name,attributes):
        element = Element(name, attributes)

        if len(self.nodeStack) > 0:
            parent = self.nodeStack[-1]
            parent.AddChild(element)
        else:
            self.root = element
        self.nodeStack.append(element)

    def EndElement_EE(self,name):
        self.nodeStack = self.nodeStack[:-1]

    def charData_EE(self,data):
        if data:
            element = self.nodeStack[-1]
            element.chardata += data
            return

    def Parse(self,xmlString):
        if xml_expat_avail:
            Parser = expat.ParserCreate()

            Parser.StartElementHandler = self.StartElement_EE
            Parser.EndElementHandler = self.EndElement_EE
            Parser.CharacterDataHandler = self.charData_EE

            Parser.Parse(xmlString, True)
        else:
            log.error("Failed to import expat module , check python-xml/python3-xml package installation.")

        return self.root



def dquote(s):
    return ''.join(['"', s, '"'])


# Python 2.2.x compatibility functions (strip() family with char argument added in Python 2.2.3)
if sys.hexversion < 0x020203f0:
    def xlstrip(s, chars=' '):
        i = 0
        for c, i in zip(s, list(range(len(s)))):
            if c not in chars:
                break

        return s[i:]

    def xrstrip(s, chars=' '):
        return xreverse(xlstrip(xreverse(s), chars))

    def xreverse(s):
        l = list(s)
        l.reverse()
        return ''.join(l)

    def xstrip(s, chars=' '):
        return xreverse(xlstrip(xreverse(xlstrip(s, chars)), chars))

else:
    xlstrip = str.lstrip
    xrstrip = str.rstrip
    xstrip = str.strip


def getBitness():
    if platform_avail:
        return int(platform.architecture()[0][:-3])
    else:
        return struct.calcsize("P") << 3


def getProcessor():
    if platform_avail:
        return platform.machine().replace(' ', '_').lower() # i386, i686, power_macintosh, etc.
    else:
        return "i686" # TODO: Need a fix here


def getEndian():
    if sys.byteorder == 'big':
        return BIG_ENDIAN
    else:
        return LITTLE_ENDIAN


#
# Function: run()
#   Note:- to run su/sudo commands, caller needs to pass passwordObj.
#          password object can be created from base.password.py

def run(cmd, passwordObj = None, pswd_msg='', log_output=True, spinner=True, timeout=1):
    import io
    output = io.StringIO()

    pwd_prompt_str = ""
    if passwordObj and ('su' in cmd or 'sudo' in cmd) and os.geteuid() != 0:
        pwd_prompt_str = passwordObj.getPasswordPromptString()
        log.debug("cmd = %s pwd_prompt_str = [%s]"%(cmd, pwd_prompt_str))
        if(pwd_prompt_str == ""):
            passwd = passwordObj.getPassword(pswd_msg, 0)
            pwd_prompt_str = passwordObj.getPasswordPromptString()
            log.debug("pwd_prompt_str2 = [%s]"%(pwd_prompt_str))
            if(passwd == ""):
               return 127, ""

    try:
        child = pexpect.spawnu(cmd, timeout=timeout)
    except pexpect.ExceptionPexpect as e:
        return -1, ''

    try:
        pswd_queried_cnt = 0
        while True:
            if spinner:
                update_spinner()

            try:
                i = child.expect(EXPECT_LIST)
            except Exception:
                continue

            if child.before:
                if(pwd_prompt_str and pwd_prompt_str not in EXPECT_LIST):
                    log.debug("Adding %s to EXPECT LIST"%pwd_prompt_str)
                    try:
                        p = re.compile(pwd_prompt_str, re.I)
                    except TypeError:
                        EXPECT_LIST.append(pwd_prompt_str)
                    else:
                        EXPECT_LIST.append(p)
                        EXPECT_LIST.append(pwd_prompt_str)

                try:
                    output.write(child.before)
                    if log_output:
                        log.debug(child.before)
                except Exception:
                    pass

            if i == 0: # EOF
                break

            elif i == 1: # TIMEOUT
                continue

            elif i == 2:    # zypper
                child.sendline("YES")

            else: # Password:
                if not passwordObj :
                    raise Exception("password Object(i.e. passwordObj) is not valid")

                child.sendline(passwordObj.getPassword(pswd_msg, pswd_queried_cnt))
                pswd_queried_cnt += 1

    except Exception as e:
        log.error("Exception: %s" % e)
    if spinner:
        cleanup_spinner()
    try:
        child.close()
    except pexpect.ExceptionPexpect as e:
        pass


    return child.exitstatus, output.getvalue()



def expand_range(ns): # ns -> string repr. of numeric range, e.g. "1-4, 7, 9-12"
    """Credit: Jean Brouwers, comp.lang.python 16-7-2004
       Convert a string representation of a set of ranges into a
       list of ints, e.g.
       u"1-4, 7, 9-12" --> [1,2,3,4,7,9,10,11,12]
    """
    fs = []
    for n in ns.split(to_unicode(',')):
        n = n.strip()
        r = n.split('-')
        if len(r) == 2:  # expand name with range
            h = r[0].rstrip(to_unicode('0123456789'))  # header
            r[0] = r[0][len(h):]
             # range can't be empty
            if not (r[0] and r[1]):
                raise ValueError('empty range: ' + n)
             # handle leading zeros
            if r[0] == to_unicode('0') or to_unicode(r[0][0]) != '0':
                h += '%d'
            else:
                w = [len(i) for i in r]
                if w[1] > w[0]:
                   raise ValueError('wide range: ' + n)
                h += to_unicode('%%0%dd') % max(w)
             # check range
            r = [int(i, 10) for i in r]
            if r[0] > r[1]:
               raise ValueError('bad range: ' + n)
            for i in range(r[0], r[1]+1):
                fs.append(h % i)
        else:  # simple name
            fs.append(n)

     # remove duplicates
    fs = list(dict([(n, i) for i, n in enumerate(fs)]).keys())
     # convert to ints and sort
    fs = [int(x) for x in fs if x]
    fs.sort()

    return fs


def collapse_range(x): # x --> sorted list of ints
    """ Convert a list of integers into a string
        range representation:
        [1,2,3,4,7,9,10,11,12] --> u"1-4,7,9-12"
    """
    if not x:
        return ''

    s, c, r = [str(x[0])], x[0], False

    for i in x[1:]:
        if i == (c+1):
            r = True
        else:
            if r:
                s.append(to_unicode('-%s,%s') % (c,i))
                r = False
            else:
                s.append(to_unicode(',%s') % i)

        c = i

    if r:
        s.append(to_unicode('-%s') % i)

    return ''.join(s)

def createBBSequencedFilename(basename, ext, dir=None, digits=3):
    if dir is None:
        dir = os.getcwd()

    m = 0
    for f in walkFiles(dir, recurse=False, abs_paths=False, return_folders=False, pattern='*', path=None):
        r, e = os.path.splitext(f)

        if r.startswith(basename) and ext == e:
            try:
                i = int(r[len(basename):])
            except ValueError:
                continue
            else:
                m = max(m, i)

    return os.path.join(dir, "%s%0*d%s" % (basename, digits, m+1, ext))


def createSequencedFilename(basename, ext, dir=None, digits=3):
    if dir is None:
        dir = os.getcwd()

    m = 0
    for f in walkFiles(dir, recurse=False, abs_paths=False, return_folders=False, pattern='*', path=None):
        r, e = os.path.splitext(f)

        if r.startswith(basename) and ext == e:
            try:
                i = int(r[len(basename):])
            except ValueError:
                continue
            else:
                m = max(m, i)

    return os.path.join(dir, "%s%0*d%s" % (basename, digits, m+1, ext))

def validate_language(lang):
    if lang is None:
        loc = os_utils.getSystemLocale()
    else:
        lang = lang.lower().strip()
        for loc, ll in list(supported_locales.items()):
            if lang in ll:
                break
        else:
            loc = 'en_US'
            log.warn("Unknown lang/locale. Using default of %s." % loc)

    return loc


def gen_random_uuid():
    try:
        import uuid # requires Python 2.5+
        return str(uuid.uuid4())

    except ImportError:
        uuidgen = which("uuidgen")
        if uuidgen:
            uuidgen = os.path.join(uuidgen, "uuidgen")
            return subprocess.getoutput(uuidgen)
        else:
            return ''


class RestTableFormatter(object):
    def __init__(self, header=None):
        self.header = header # tuple of strings
        self.rows = [] # list of tuples

    def add(self, row_data): # tuple of strings
        self.rows.append(row_data)

    def output(self, w):
        if self.rows:
            num_cols = len(self.rows[0])
            for r in self.rows:
                if len(r) != num_cols:
                    log.error("Invalid number of items in row: %s" % r)
                    return

            if len(self.header) != num_cols:
                log.error("Invalid number of items in header.")

            col_widths = []
            for x, c in enumerate(self.header):
                max_width = len(c)
                for r in self.rows:
                    max_width = max(max_width, len(r[x]))

                col_widths.append(max_width+2)

            x = '+'
            for c in col_widths:
                x = ''.join([x, '-' * (c+2), '+'])

            x = ''.join([x, '\n'])
            w.write(x)

            # header
            if self.header:
                x = '|'
                for i, c in enumerate(col_widths):
                    x = ''.join([x, ' ', self.header[i], ' ' * (c+1-len(self.header[i])), '|'])

                x = ''.join([x, '\n'])
                w.write(x)

                x = '+'
                for c in col_widths:
                    x = ''.join([x, '=' * (c+2), '+'])

                x = ''.join([x, '\n'])
                w.write(x)

            # data rows
            for j, r in enumerate(self.rows):
                x = '|'
                for i, c in enumerate(col_widths):
                    x = ''.join([x, ' ', self.rows[j][i], ' ' * (c+1-len(self.rows[j][i])), '|'])

                x = ''.join([x, '\n'])
                w.write(x)

                x = '+'
                for c in col_widths:
                    x = ''.join([x, '-' * (c+2), '+'])

                x = ''.join([x, '\n'])
                w.write(x)

        else:
            log.error("No data rows")


def mixin(cls):
    import inspect

    locals = inspect.stack()[1][0].f_locals
    if "__module__" not in locals:
        raise TypeError("Must call mixin() from within class def.")

    dict = cls.__dict__.copy()
    dict.pop("__doc__", None)
    dict.pop("__module__", None)

    locals.update(dict)



# TODO: Move usage stuff to to base/module/Module class


 # ------------------------- Usage Help
USAGE_OPTIONS = ("[OPTIONS]", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_LOGGING1 = ("Set the logging level:", "-l<level> or --logging=<level>", 'option', False)
USAGE_LOGGING2 = ("", r"<level>: none, info\*, error, warn, debug (\*default)", "option", False)
USAGE_LOGGING3 = ("Run in debug mode:", "-g (same as option: -ldebug)", "option", False)
USAGE_LOGGING_PLAIN = ("Output plain text only:", "-t", "option", False)
USAGE_ARGS = ("[PRINTER|DEVICE-URI]", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_ARGS2 = ("[PRINTER]", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_DEVICE = ("To specify a device-URI:", "-d<device-uri> or --device=<device-uri>", "option", False)
USAGE_PRINTER = ("To specify a CUPS printer:", "-p<printer> or --printer=<printer>", "option", False)
USAGE_BUS1 = ("Bus to probe (if device not specified):", "-b<bus> or --bus=<bus>", "option", False)
USAGE_BUS2 = ("", r"<bus>: cups\*, usb\*, net, bt, fw, par\* (\*defaults) (Note: bt and fw not supported in this release.)", 'option', False)
USAGE_HELP = ("This help information:", "-h or --help", "option", True)
USAGE_SPACE = ("", "", "space", False)
USAGE_EXAMPLES = ("Examples:", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_NOTES = ("Notes:", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_STD_NOTES1 = ("If device or printer is not specified, the local device bus is probed and the program enters interactive mode.", "", "note", False)
USAGE_STD_NOTES2 = (r"If -p\* is specified, the default CUPS printer will be used.", "", "note", False)
USAGE_SEEALSO = ("See Also:", "", "heading", False)
USAGE_LANGUAGE = ("Set the language:", "--loc=<lang> or --lang=<lang>. Use --loc=? or --lang=? to see a list of available language codes.", "option", False)
USAGE_LANGUAGE2 = ("Set the language:", "--lang=<lang>. Use --lang=? to see a list of available language codes.", "option", False)
USAGE_MODE = ("[MODE]", "", "header", False)
USAGE_NON_INTERACTIVE_MODE = ("Run in non-interactive mode:", "-n or --non-interactive", "option", False)
USAGE_GUI_MODE = ("Run in graphical UI mode:", "-u or --gui (Default)", "option", False)
USAGE_INTERACTIVE_MODE = ("Run in interactive mode:", "-i or --interactive", "option", False)

if sys_conf.get('configure', 'ui-toolkit', 'qt3') == 'qt3':
    USAGE_USE_QT3 = ("Use Qt3:",  "--qt3 (Default)",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT4 = ("Use Qt4:",  "--qt4",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT5 = ("Use Qt5:",  "--qt5",  "option",  False)
elif sys_conf.get('configure', 'ui-toolkit', 'qt4') == 'qt4':
    USAGE_USE_QT3 = ("Use Qt3:",  "--qt3",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT4 = ("Use Qt4:",  "--qt4 (Default)",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT5 = ("Use Qt5:",  "--qt5",  "option",  False)
elif sys_conf.get('configure', 'ui-toolkit', 'qt5') == 'qt5':
    USAGE_USE_QT3 = ("Use Qt3:",  "--qt3",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT4 = ("Use Qt4:",  "--qt4",  "option",  False)
    USAGE_USE_QT5 = ("Use Qt5:",  "--qt5 (Default)",  "option",  False)

def ttysize(): # TODO: Move to base/tui
    ln1 = subprocess.getoutput('stty -a').splitlines()[0]
    vals = {'rows':None, 'columns':None}
    for ph in ln1.split(';'):
        x = ph.split()
        if len(x) == 2:
            vals[x[0]] = x[1]
            vals[x[1]] = x[0]
    try:
        rows, cols = int(vals['rows']), int(vals['columns'])
    except TypeError:
        rows, cols = 25, 80

    return rows, cols


def usage_formatter(override=0): # TODO: Move to base/module/Module class
    rows, cols = ttysize()

    if override:
        col1 = override
        col2 = cols - col1 - 8
    else:
        col1 = int(cols / 3) - 8
        col2 = cols - col1 - 8

    return TextFormatter(({'width': col1, 'margin' : 2},
                            {'width': col2, 'margin' : 2},))


def format_text(text_list, typ='text', title='', crumb='', version=''): # TODO: Move to base/module/Module class
    """
    Format usage text in multiple formats:
        text: for --help in the console
        rest: for conversion with rst2web for the website
        man: for manpages
    """
    if typ == 'text':
        formatter = usage_formatter()

        for line in text_list:
            text1, text2, format, trailing_space = line

            # remove any reST/man escapes
            text1 = text1.replace("\\", "")
            text2 = text2.replace("\\", "")

            if format == 'summary':
                log.info(log.bold(text1))
                log.info("")

            elif format in ('para', 'name', 'seealso'):
                log.info(text1)

                if trailing_space:
                    log.info("")

            elif format in ('heading', 'header'):
                log.info(log.bold(text1))

            elif format in ('option', 'example'):
                log.info(formatter.compose((text1, text2), trailing_space))

            elif format == 'note':
                if text1.startswith(' '):
                    log.info('\t' + text1.lstrip())
                else:
                    log.info(text1)

            elif format == 'space':
                log.info("")

        log.info("")


    elif typ == 'rest':
        opt_colwidth1, opt_colwidth2 = 0, 0
        exmpl_colwidth1, exmpl_colwidth2 = 0, 0
        note_colwidth1, note_colwidth2 = 0, 0

        for line in text_list:
            text1, text2, format, trailing_space = line

            if format  == 'option':
                opt_colwidth1 = max(len(text1), opt_colwidth1)
                opt_colwidth2 = max(len(text2), opt_colwidth2)

            elif format == 'example':
                exmpl_colwidth1 = max(len(text1), exmpl_colwidth1)
                exmpl_colwidth2 = max(len(text2), exmpl_colwidth2)

            elif format == 'note':
                note_colwidth1 = max(len(text1), note_colwidth1)
                note_colwidth2 = max(len(text2), note_colwidth2)

        opt_colwidth1 += 4
        opt_colwidth2 += 4
        exmpl_colwidth1 += 4
        exmpl_colwidth2 += 4
        note_colwidth1 += 4
        note_colwidth2 += 4
        opt_tablewidth = opt_colwidth1 + opt_colwidth2
        exmpl_tablewidth = exmpl_colwidth1 + exmpl_colwidth2
        note_tablewidth = note_colwidth1 + note_colwidth2

        # write the rst2web header
        log.info("""restindex
page-title: %s
crumb: %s
format: rest
file-extension: html
encoding: utf8
/restindex\n""" % (title, crumb))

        t = "%s: %s (ver. %s)" % (crumb, title, version)
        log.info(t)
        log.info("="*len(t))
        log.info("")

        links = []
        needs_header = False
        for line in text_list:
            text1, text2, format, trailing_space = line

            if format == 'seealso':
                links.append(text1)
                text1 = "`%s`_" % text1

            len1, len2 = len(text1), len(text2)

            if format == 'summary':
                log.info(''.join(["**", text1, "**"]))
                log.info("")

            elif format in ('para', 'name'):
                log.info("")
                log.info(text1)
                log.info("")

            elif format in ('heading', 'header'):

                log.info("")
                log.info("**" + text1 + "**")
                log.info("")
                needs_header = True

            elif format == 'option':
                if needs_header:
                    log.info(".. class:: borderless")
                    log.info("")
                    log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*opt_colwidth1, "+", "-"*opt_colwidth2, "+"]))
                    needs_header = False

                if text1 and '`_' not in text1:
                    log.info(''.join(["| *", text1, '*', " "*(opt_colwidth1-len1-3), "|", text2, " "*(opt_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))
                elif text1:
                    log.info(''.join(["|", text1, " "*(opt_colwidth1-len1), "|", text2, " "*(opt_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))
                else:
                    log.info(''.join(["|", " "*(opt_colwidth1), "|", text2, " "*(opt_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))

                log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*opt_colwidth1, "+", "-"*opt_colwidth2, "+"]))

            elif format == 'example':
                if needs_header:
                    log.info(".. class:: borderless")
                    log.info("")
                    log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*exmpl_colwidth1, "+", "-"*exmpl_colwidth2, "+"]))
                    needs_header = False

                if text1 and '`_' not in text1:
                    log.info(''.join(["| *", text1, '*', " "*(exmpl_colwidth1-len1-3), "|", text2, " "*(exmpl_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))
                elif text1:
                    log.info(''.join(["|", text1, " "*(exmpl_colwidth1-len1), "|", text2, " "*(exmpl_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))
                else:
                    log.info(''.join(["|", " "*(exmpl_colwidth1), "|", text2, " "*(exmpl_colwidth2-len2), "|"]))

                log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*exmpl_colwidth1, "+", "-"*exmpl_colwidth2, "+"]))

            elif format == 'seealso':
                if text1 and '`_' not in text1:
                    log.info(text1)


            elif format == 'note':
                if needs_header:
                    log.info(".. class:: borderless")
                    log.info("")
                    log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*note_colwidth1, "+", "-"*note_colwidth2, "+"]))
                    needs_header = False

                if text1.startswith(' '):
                    log.info(''.join(["|", " "*(note_tablewidth+1), "|"]))

                log.info(''.join(["|", text1, " "*(note_tablewidth-len1+1), "|"]))
                log.info(''.join(["+", "-"*note_colwidth1, "+", "-"*note_colwidth2, "+"]))

            elif format == 'space':
                log.info("")

        for l in links:
            log.info("\n.. _`%s`: %s.html\n" % (l, l.replace('hp-', '')))

        log.info("")

    elif typ == 'man':
        log.info('.TH "%s" 1 "%s" Linux "User Manuals"' % (crumb, version))
        log.info(r".SH NAME\n%s \- %s" % (crumb, title))

        for line in text_list:
            text1, text2, format, trailing_space = line

            text1 = text1.replace("\\*", "*")
            text2 = text2.replace("\\*", "*")

            len1, len2 = len(text1), len(text2)

            if format == 'summary':
                log.info(".SH SYNOPSIS")
                log.info(".B %s" % text1.replace('Usage:', ''))

            elif format == 'name':
                if text1:
                    log.info(".SH DESCRIPTION\n%s" % text1)

            elif format in ('option', 'example', 'note'):
                if text1:
                    log.info('.IP "%s"\n%s' % (text1, text2))
                else:
                    log.info(text2)

            elif format in ('header', 'heading'):
                log.info(".SH %s" % text1.upper().replace(':', '').replace('[', '').replace(']', ''))

            elif format in ('seealso, para'):
                log.info(text1)

        log.info(".SH AUTHOR")
        log.info("HPLIP (HP Linux Imaging and Printing) is an")
        log.info("HP developed solution for printing, scanning, and faxing with")
        log.info("HP inkjet and laser based printers in Linux.")

        log.info(".SH REPORTING BUGS")
        log.info("The HPLIP Launchpad.net site")
        log.info(".B https://launchpad.net/hplip")
        log.info("is available to get help, report")
        log.info("bugs, make suggestions, discuss the HPLIP project or otherwise")
        log.info("contact the HPLIP Team.")

        log.info(".SH COPYRIGHT")
        log.info("Copyright (c) 2001-18 HP Development Company, L.P.")
        log.info(".LP")
        log.info("This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.")
        log.info("This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it")
        log.info("under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.")

        log.info("")


def log_title(program_name, version, show_ver=True): # TODO: Move to base/module/Module class
    log.info("")

    if show_ver:
        log.info(log.bold("HP Linux Imaging and Printing System (ver. %s)" % prop.version))
    else:
        log.info(log.bold("HP Linux Imaging and Printing System"))

    log.info(log.bold("%s ver. %s" % (program_name, version)))
    log.info("")
    log.info("Copyright (c) 2001-18 HP Development Company, LP")
    log.info("This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.")
    log.info("This is free software, and you are welcome to distribute it")
    log.info("under certain conditions. See COPYING file for more details.")
    log.info("")


def ireplace(old, search, replace):
    regex = '(?i)' + re.escape(search)
    return re.sub(regex, replace, old)

#
# Removes HTML or XML character references and entities from a text string.
#

def unescape(text):
    def fixup(m):
        text = m.group(0)
        if text[:2] == "&#":
            # character reference
            try:
                if text[:3] == "&#x":
                    #return unichr(int(text[3:-1], 16))
                    return chr(int(text[3:-1], 16))
                else:
                    #return unichr(int(text[2:-1]))
                    return chr(int(text[2:-1]))
            except ValueError:
                pass
        else:
            # named entity
            try:
                #text = unichr(htmlentitydefs.name2codepoint[text[1:-1]])
                text = chr(html_entities.name2codepoint[text[1:-1]])
            except KeyError:
                pass
        return text # leave as is
    return re.sub(r"&#?\w+;", fixup, text)


# Adds HTML or XML character references and entities from a text string

def escape(s):
    if not isinstance(s, str):
        s = to_unicode(s) 

    s = s.replace("&", "&amp;")

    for c in html_entities.codepoint2name:
        if c != 0x26: # exclude &
            s = s.replace(chr(c), "&%s;" % html_entities.codepoint2name[c])

    for c in list(range(0x20)) + list(range(0x7f, 0xa0)):
        s = s.replace(chr(c), "&#%d;" % c)

    return s


#return tye: strings
#Return values.
#   None --> on error.
#  "terminal name"-->success
def get_terminal():
    terminal_list=['gnome-terminal', 'konsole','x-terminal-emulator', 'xterm', 'gtkterm']
    terminal_cmd = None
    for cmd in terminal_list:
        if which(cmd):
            terminal_cmd = cmd +" -e "
            log.debug("Available Terminal = %s " %terminal_cmd)
            break

    return terminal_cmd

#Return Type: bool
# Return values:
#      True --> if it is older version
#      False  --> if it is same or later version.

def Is_HPLIP_older_version(installed_version, available_version):

    if available_version == "" or available_version == None or installed_version == "" or installed_version == None:
        log.debug("available_version is ''")
        return False

    installed_array=installed_version.split('.')
    available_array=available_version.split('.')

    log.debug("HPLIP Installed_version=%s  Available_version=%s"%(installed_version,available_version))
    cnt = 0
    Is_older = False
    pat=re.compile(r'''(\d{1,})([a-z]{1,})''')
    try:
        while cnt <len(installed_array) and cnt <len(available_array):

            installed_ver_dig=0
            installed_ver_alph=' '
            available_ver_dig=0
            available_ver_alph=' '
            if pat.search(installed_array[cnt]):
                installed_ver_dig = int(pat.search(installed_array[cnt]).group(1))
                installed_ver_alph = pat.search(installed_array[cnt]).group(2)
            else:
                installed_ver_dig = int(installed_array[cnt])

            if pat.search(available_array[cnt]):
                available_ver_dig = int(pat.search(available_array[cnt]).group(1))
                available_ver_alph = pat.search(available_array[cnt]).group(2)
            else:
                available_ver_dig = int(available_array[cnt])

            if (installed_ver_dig < available_ver_dig):
                Is_older = True
                break
            elif (installed_ver_dig > available_ver_dig):
                log.debug("Already new verison is installed")
                return False
            #checking sub minor versions .. e.g "3.12.10a" vs "3.12.10".... "3.12.10a" --> latest
            else:
                if (installed_ver_alph.lower() < available_ver_alph.lower()):
                    Is_older = True
                    break
                elif (installed_ver_alph.lower() > available_ver_alph.lower()):
                    log.debug("Already new verison is installed")
                    return False

            cnt += 1

        # To check version is installed. e.g. "3.12.10" vs "3.12.10.1".... "3.12.10.1"-->latest
        if Is_older is False and len(installed_array) < len(available_array):
            Is_older = True

    except:
        log.error("Failed to get the latest version. Check out %s for manually installing latest version of HPLIP."%HPLIP_WEB_SITE)
        return False

    return Is_older


def downLoad_status(count, blockSize, totalSize):
    percent = int(count*blockSize*100/totalSize)
    if count != 0:
        sys.stdout.write("\b\b\b")
    sys.stdout.write("%s" %(log.color("%2d%%"%percent, 'bold')))
    sys.stdout.flush()

def chunk_write(response, out_fd, chunk_size =8192, status_bar = downLoad_status):
   if response.info() and response.info().get('Content-Length'):
       total_size = int(response.info().get('Content-Length').strip())
   else:
       log.debug("Ignoring progres bar")
       status_bar = None

   bytes_so_far = 0
   while 1:
      chunk = response.read(chunk_size)
      if not chunk:
         break

      out_fd.write(chunk)
      bytes_so_far += len(chunk)

      if status_bar:
         status_bar(bytes_so_far, 1, total_size)
      

# Return Values. Sts, outFile
# Sts =  0             --> Success
#        other thatn 0  --> Fail
# outFile = downloaded Filename.
#            empty file on Failure case
def download_from_network(weburl, outputFile = None, useURLLIB=False):
    retValue = -1

    if platform.system() == "Linux":
        if weburl == "" or weburl == None:
            log.error("URL is empty")
            return retValue, ""

        if outputFile is None:
            fp, outputFile = make_temp_file()

        try:
            if useURLLIB is False:
                wget = which("wget")
                if wget:
                    wget = os.path.join(wget, "wget")
                    status, output = run("%s --cache=off --tries=3 --timeout=60 --output-document=%s %s" %(wget, outputFile, weburl))
                    if status:
                        log.error("Failed to connect to HPLIP site. Error code = %d" %status)
                        return retValue, ""
                else:
                    useURLLIB = True

            if useURLLIB:
		
                #sys.stdout.write("Download in progress..........")
                try:
                    response = urllib2_request.urlopen(weburl)    
                    file_fd = open(outputFile, 'wb')
                    chunk_write(response, file_fd)
                    file_fd.close()
                except urllib2_error.URLError as e:
                    log.error("Failed to open URL: %s" % weburl)
                    return retValue, ""

        except IOError as e:
            log.error("I/O Error: %s" % e.strerror)
            return retValue, ""

        if not os.path.exists(outputFile):
            log.error("Failed to get hplip version/ %s file not found."%hplip_version_file)
            return retValue, ""

        return 0, outputFile





class Sync_Lock:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.Lock_filename = filename
        self.handler = open(self.Lock_filename, 'w')

# Wait for another process to release resource and acquires the resource.
    def acquire(self):
        fcntl.flock(self.handler, fcntl.LOCK_EX)

    def release(self):
        fcntl.flock(self.handler, fcntl.LOCK_UN)

    def __del__(self):
        self.handler.close()

def sendEvent(event_code,device_uri, printer_name, username="", job_id=0, title="", pipe_name=''):

    if not dbus_avail:
        log.debug("Failed to import dbus, lowlevel")
        return

    log.debug("send_message() entered")
    args = [device_uri, printer_name, event_code, username, job_id, title, pipe_name]
    msg = lowlevel.SignalMessage(path='/', interface=DBUS_SERVICE, name='Event')
    msg.append(signature='ssisiss', *args)
    SystemBus().send_message(msg)
    log.debug("send_message() returning")

def expand_list(File_exp):
   File_list = glob.glob(File_exp)
   if File_list:
      File_list_str = ' '.join(File_list)
      return File_list, File_list_str
   else:
      return [],""



def unchunck_xml_data(src_data):
    index = 0
    dst_data=""
    # src_data contains HTTP data + xmlpayload. delimter is '\r\n\r\n'.
    while 1:
        if src_data.find('\r\n\r\n') != -1:
            src_data = src_data.split('\r\n\r\n', 1)[1]
            if not src_data.startswith("HTTP"):
                break
        else:
            return dst_data

    if len(src_data) <= 0:
        return dst_data

    #If xmlpayload doesn't have chuncksize embedded, returning same xml.
    if src_data[index] == '<':
        dst_data = src_data
    else:  # Removing chunck size from xmlpayload
        try:
           while index < len(src_data):
             buf_len = 0
             while src_data[index] == ' ' or src_data[index] == '\r' or src_data[index] == '\n':
               index = index +1
             while src_data[index] != '\n' and src_data[index] != '\r':
               buf_len = buf_len *16 + int(src_data[index], 16)
               index = index +1

             if buf_len == 0:
                 break;

             dst_data = dst_data+ src_data[index:buf_len+index+2]

             index = buf_len + index + 2  # 2 for after size '\r\n' chars.
        except IndexError:
            pass
    return dst_data


#check_user_groups function checks required groups and returns missing list.
#Input:
#       required_grps_str --> required groups from distro.dat
#       avl_grps    --> Current groups list (as a string) for this user.
# Output:
#       result  --> Returns True, if required groups are present
#               --> Returns False, if required groups are not present
#       missing_groups_str --> Returns the missing groups list (as a string)
#
def check_user_groups(required_grps_str, avl_grps):
    result = False
    exp_grp_list=[]
    exp_pat =re.compile('''.*-G(.*)''')
    if required_grps_str and exp_pat.search(required_grps_str):
        grps = exp_pat.search(required_grps_str).group(1)
        grps =re.sub(r'\s', '', str(grps))
        exp_grp_list = grps.split(',')
    else:
        exp_grp_list.append('_cups')

    log.debug("Requied groups list =[%s]"%exp_grp_list)

    avl_grps = avl_grps.rstrip('\r\n')
    grp_list= avl_grps.split(' ')
    for  g in grp_list:
        grp_index = 0
        for p in exp_grp_list:
            if g == p:
                del exp_grp_list[grp_index]
                break
            grp_index +=1

    if len(exp_grp_list) == 0:
        result = True
    missing_groups_str=''
    for a in exp_grp_list:
        if missing_groups_str:
            missing_groups_str += ','
        missing_groups_str += a
    return result ,missing_groups_str


def check_library( so_file_path):
    ret_val = False
    if not os.path.exists(so_file_path):
        log.debug("Either %s file is not present or symbolic link is missing" %(so_file_path))
    else:
        # capturing real file path
        if os.path.islink(so_file_path):
            real_file = os.path.realpath(so_file_path)
        else:
            real_file = so_file_path

        if not os.path.exists(real_file):
            log.debug("%s library file is missing." % (real_file))
        elif (os.stat(so_file_path).st_mode & 72) != 72:
            log.debug("%s library file doesn't have user/group execute permission." % (so_file_path))
        else:
            log.debug("%s library file present." % (so_file_path))
            ret_val = True

    log.debug("%s library status: %d" % (so_file_path, ret_val))
    return ret_val


def download_via_wget(target):
    status = -1
    wget = which("wget")
    if target and wget:
        wget = os.path.join(wget, "wget")
        cmd = "%s --cache=off --tries=3 --timeout=60 --output-document=- %s" % (wget, target)
        log.debug(cmd)
        status, output = run(cmd)
        log.debug("wget returned: %d" % status)
    else:
        log.debug("wget not found")
    return status

def download_via_curl(target):
    status = -1
    curl = which("curl")
    if target and curl:
        curl = os.path.join(curl, "curl")
        cmd = "%s --output - --connect-timeout 5 --max-time 10 %s" % (curl, target)
        log.debug(cmd)
        status, output = run(cmd)
        log.debug("curl returned: %d" % status)
    else:
        log.debug("curl not found")
    return status

def check_network_via_ping(target):
    status = -1
    ping = which("ping")
    if target and ping:
        ping = os.path.join(ping, "ping")
        cmd = "%s -c1 -W1 -w10 %s" % (ping, target)
        log.debug(cmd)
        status, output = run(cmd)
        log.debug("ping returned: %d" % status)
    else:
        log.debug("ping not found")
    return status

def check_network_connection(host = "www.hp.com", port=80):
    import socket
    try:
        socket.setdefaulttimeout(10)
        socket.create_connection((host, port))
        return True
    except OSError:
        return False

#Expands '*' in File/Dir names.
def expandList(Files_List, prefix_dir=None):
    Expanded_Files_list=[]
    for f in Files_List:
        if prefix_dir:
            f= prefix_dir + '/' + f
        if '*' in f:
            f_full = glob.glob(f)
            for file in f_full:
              Expanded_Files_list.append(file)
        else:
            Expanded_Files_list.append(f)
    return Expanded_Files_list

def compare(x, y):
    try:
        return cmp(float(x), float(y))
    except ValueError:
        return cmp(x, y)


def check_pkg_mgr( package_mgrs = None):
    if package_mgrs is not None:
        log.debug("Searching for '%s' in running processes..." % package_mgrs)
        for p in package_mgrs:
                status,process = Is_Process_Running(p)
                if status is True:
                    for pid in process:
                        log.debug("Found: %s (%s)" % (process[pid], pid))
                        return (pid, process[pid])

    log.debug("Not found")
    return (0, '')

# checks if given process is running.
#return value:
#    True or False
#    None - if process is not running
#    grep output - if process is running

def Is_Process_Running(process_name):
    if not process_name:
        return False, {}

    try:
        process = {}
        p1 = Popen(["ps", "-w", "-w", "aux"], stdout=PIPE)
        p2 = Popen(["grep", process_name], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
        p3 = Popen(["grep", "-v", "grep"], stdin=p2.stdout, stdout=PIPE)
        output = p3.communicate()[0]
        log.debug("Is_Process_Running output = %s " %output)

        if output:
            for p in output.splitlines():
                cmd = "echo '%s' | awk {'print $2'}" %p
                status,pid = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
                cmd = "echo '%s' | awk {'print $11,$12'}" %p
                status,cmdline = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
                if pid :
                    process[pid] = cmdline

            return True, process
        else:
            return False, {}

    except Exception as e:
        log.error("Execution failed: process Name[%s]" %process_name)
        print >>sys.stderr, "Execution failed:", e
        return False, {}


def remove(path, passwordObj = None, cksudo = False):
    cmd= RMDIR + " " + path
    if cksudo and passwordObj:
        cmd= passwordObj.getAuthCmd() %cmd

    log.debug("Removing %s cmd = %s " %(path, cmd))
    status, output = run(cmd, passwordObj)
    if 0 != status:
        log.debug("Failed to remove=%s "%path)

# This is operator overloading function for compare.. 
def cmp_to_key(mycmp):
    'Convert a cmp= function into a key= function'
    class K(object):
        def __init__(self, obj, *args):
            self.obj = obj
        def __lt__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) < 0
        def __gt__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) > 0
        def __eq__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0
        def __le__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) <= 0  
        def __ge__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) >= 0
        def __ne__(self, other):
            return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0
    return K

# This is operator overloading function for compare.. for level functionality.
def levelsCmp(x, y):
    return (x[1] > y[1]) - (x[1] < y[1]) or (x[3] > y[3]) - (x[3] < y[3])

    
def find_pip():
    '''Determine the pip command syntax available for a particular distro.
    since it varies across distros'''
    
    if which('pip-%s'%(str(MAJ_VER)+'.'+str(MIN_VER))):
        return 'pip-%s'%(str(MAJ_VER)+'.'+str(MIN_VER))
    elif which('pip-%s'%str(MAJ_VER)):
        return 'pip-%s'%str(MAJ_VER)
    elif which('pip%s'%str(MAJ_VER)):
        return 'pip%s'%str(MAJ_VER) 
    elif which('pip%s'%(str(MAJ_VER)+'.'+str(MIN_VER))):
        return 'pip%s'%(str(MAJ_VER)+'.'+str(MIN_VER))
    elif which('pip-python%s'%str(MAJ_VER)):
        return 'pip-python%s'%str(MAJ_VER)
    elif which('pip-python'):
        return 'pip-python'
    else:
        log.error("python pip command not found. Please install '%s' package(s) manually"%depends_to_install_using_pip)


def check_lan():
    try:
        x = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        x.connect(('1.2.3.4', 56))
        x.close()
        return True
    except socket.error:
        return False
 
def extract_xml_chunk(data):
    if data.find('\r\n\r\n'):
        index = data.find('\r\n\r\n')
        data = data[index+4:]
    if data[0:1] != '<':            # Check for source encoding chunked or content length in http respose header.
        size = -1
        temp = ""
        while size:
            index = data.find('\r\n')
            size = int(data[0:index+1], 16)
            temp = temp + data[index+2:index+2+size]
            data = data[index+2+size+2:len(data)]
        data = temp
    return data


def checkPyQtImport45():
    try:
        import PyQt5
        return "PyQt5"
    except ImportError as e:
        log.debug(e)

    try:
        import PyQt4
        return "PyQt4"
    except ImportError as e:
        log.debug(e)

    raise ImportError("GUI Modules PyQt4 and PyQt5 are not installed")


def ui_status():
    _ui_status = ""
    try:
        _ui_status = checkPyQtImport45()
        log.note("Using GUI Module %s" % _ui_status)
        return _ui_status
    except ImportError as e:
        log.error(e)


def import_dialog(ui_toolkit):
    if ui_toolkit == "qt4":
        try:
            from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication
            log.debug("Using PyQt4")
            return  (QApplication, "ui4")
        except ImportError as e:
            log.error(e)
            sys.exit(1)
    elif ui_toolkit == "qt5":
        try:
            from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
            log.debug("Using PyQt5")
            return (QApplication, "ui5")
        except ImportError as e:
            log.error(e)
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            log.error("Unable to load Qt support. Is it installed?")
            sys.exit(1)


def dyn_import_mod(mod_name_as_str):
    components = mod_name_as_str.split('.')
    mod = __import__(mod_name_as_str)
    for comp in components[1:]:
        mod = getattr(mod, comp)
    return mod

def import_ext(ext_name):
    try:
        return importlib.import_module(ext_name)
    except ImportError:
        import sysconfig
        sys.path.append(sysconfig.get_path('platlib'))
        return importlib.import_module(ext_name)

def get_distro_name(passwordObj = None):
    log.debug("Determining distro...")
    name, ver = '', '0.0'
    found = False
    distro_release_name = str()
    # Getting distro information using platform module
    try:
        import platform
        try:
            name = platform.dist()[0].lower()
            ver = platform.dist()[1]
        except AttributeError:
            import distro
            name = distro.linux_distribution()[0].lower()
            ver = distro.linux_distribution()[1]
            distro_release_name = distro.distro_release_attr('name')
        if not name:
            found = False
            log.debug("Not able to detect distro")
        else:
            found = True
            log.debug("Able to detect distro")
    except ImportError:
        found = False
        log.debug("Not able to detect distro using python")

    # Getting distro information using lsb_release command
    # platform return 'redhat' even for 'RHEL' or 'arch' for ManjaroLinux so re-reading using
    # lsb_release.
    if not found or name == 'redhat' or name == 'arch':
        lsb_rel = which("lsb_release", True)
        if lsb_rel:
            log.debug("Using 'lsb_release -is/-rs' to determine distro")
            status, name = run(lsb_rel + ' -is', passwordObj)
            if not status and name:
                status, ver = run(lsb_rel + ' -rs', passwordObj)
                if not status and ver:
                    ver = ver.lower().strip()
                    found = True

    # Getting distro information using /etc/issue file
    if not found:
        try:
            name = open('/etc/issue', 'r').read().lower().strip()
                
        except IOError:
            found = False
        else:
            found = True
            for n in name.split():
                m = n
                if '.' in n:
                    m = '.'.join(n.split('.')[:2])

                try:
                    ver = float(m)
                except ValueError:
                    try:
                        ver = int(m)
                    except ValueError:
                        ver = '0.0'
    if "welcome" in name:
        found = False
    #search in etc/os-release
    if not found:
        try:
            os_release = open('/etc/os-release', 'r')
            for line in os_release:
                if line.lower().startswith('name='):
                    name = line.split('"')[1]
                if line.lower().startswith('version='):
                    ver = line.split('"')[1]
                found = True
        except:
            found = False          
    # Updating the distro name and version.
    if found:
        name = name.lower().strip()
        #convert the name to a standard name based on distro name dictionary
        #for example "welcome to MX Linux" gets converted to "mxlinux"
        # Check if any value from the distro_name_dict is a substring of name
        for key, standard_name in distro_name_dict.items():
            if key in name:
                name = standard_name
                break

        log.debug("Distro name=%s" % name)


        log.debug("Distro version=%s" % ver)
        if name == "rhel" and ver[0] == "5" and ver[1] == ".":
            ver = "5.0"
        elif name == "rhel" and ver[0] == "6" and ver[1] == ".":
            ver = "6.0"
        if 'MX' in distro_release_name:
            name = "mxlinux"
            ver = distro_release_name[3:5]
        if 'manjaro' in name.lower():
            version = ver.split('.')
            ver = version[0] +'.'+version[1]
        
    else:
        log.warn("Failed to get the distro information.")
        name, ver = 0, '0.0'

    log.debug("distro=%s, distro_version=%s" %(str(name),str(ver)))
    return (name,ver)
                
def readAuthType():
    try:
        import os
        from grp import getgrnam
        authType = 'su'
        user = os.getenv('USER')
        try:
            members = getgrnam('wheel').gr_mem
        except KeyError:
            try:
                members = getgrnam('sudo').gr_mem
            except:
                log.warn(" can not get user group " )
                return authType     
        if user in members:
            authType = 'sudo'
        else:
            authType = 'su'
        # don't enforce sudo on OpenBSD (external package)
        authType = 'su'
    except :
        log.warn("unable to determine auth_type ")
    return authType

def sanitize_filename(filename):
    # Remove any path traversal sequences
    filename = os.path.basename(filename)
    # Ensure the filename only contains safe characters
    if not re.match(r'^[\w\-. ]+$', filename):
        raise ValueError("Invalid filename")
    return filename